Still struggling like buggery at the moment, though I know what I've done! what annoys me the most is that the tools let me. Didn't they know I'm an idiot??
Basically, the underlying disk is 25GB in size. This has a single partition of 16.1G on it (god knows why I did that!!), of type LVM. What the LVM tools have let me do is resize the PV to 20GB even though I forgot about the underlying 16.1GB partition size, increase the LV to at least 20G, if not 25G (thinking there's the new drive too). All good and recoverable so far, until that is, I extended the ext4 partition on the LV to take account of the new size. Again, it let me. Which I find particularly odd!
I now seem to be in the position where either LVM is happy but I can't mount the disk due to the syslog message that it's not big enough for the file system, or, I shrink everything in the LVM and then I can't bring it online. It's a weird one! (That may be the wrong way round - I'm tired!)
I'm just going to see if there's some way to force the mount and copy the data off onto a standard EXT4 partition. Thankfully, just after my post above (6pm) I thought to take a copy of the underlying VM so I now have the benefit of being able to experiment and revert. Wish I'd thought to do that before I started completely!!
Was at it 'till 3am so going to have a break for a min.